Hydraulic braking system for printing presses or like motor-driven apparatus



Feb. 11, 1941. .A. J. CLINE 2,231,661

HYDRAULIC BRAKING SYSTEM FOR PRINTING PRESSES 0R LIKE MOTOR-DRIVEN APPARATUS F116 Nov'i 25, 19:58 e Sheets-Sheet 1 Feb. 11, 1941. A, J CUNE 2,231,661 HYDRAULIC BRAKING SYSTEM FOR PRINTING PRESSES A OR LIKE MOTOR-DRIVEN APPARATUS Filed Nov. 25, 1938 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Feb. 11, 1941. J, cLlNE 2,231,661

' HYDRAULIC BRAKING SYSTEM FOR PRINTING PRESSES OR LIKE MOTOR-DRIVEN APPARATUS Filed Nov. 25, 1938 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 Feb. 11, 1941. v A. J. CLINE 2,231,661

HYDRAULIC BRAKING SYSTEM FOR PRINTING PRESSES QR LIKE MOTOR-DRIVEN APPARATUS HYDRAULIC R Feb. 11, 1941. A. J. cum-2 7 2,231,661 I KING SYSTEM FOR INTI PRESSES OR I KE MOTOR-DRIV P ARA,

Filed Nov. 2 1938 I 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Feb. 11, 1941. v J cLlNE 2,231,661 HYDRAULIC BRAKING SYSTEM FOR PRINTING RRESSES 0R LIKE MOTOR-DRIVEN APPARATUS Filed Nov. 25, 1938 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Patented Feb. 11, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFlCl':.

HYDRAULIC BRAKING SYSTEM FOR PRINT- ING PBESSES R. LIKE MOTOR-DRIVEN APPARATUS Allan J. Cline, Chicago, 11!. Application November 25, 1938, Serial No. 242,234

Claims.

5 type press. From certain aspects, however, theinvention may have broader application and may be regarded as residing in the combination of a hydraulic brake with a motor or motor-driven apparatus within the scope of the appended 0 claims.

In the past it has been customary to use-mag-' netically operated brakes on the cylinders or vertical shafts of unit type presses or solenoidoperated spring-set brakes on the main drive motors of such presses.

The action of the magnetically operated cylinder or vertical shaft brake is not all that might.

be desired for the reason that a sudden application of the brake when the magnet closes gives a sudden high peak braking effort which sometimes causes the paper roll, from which thepaper is being drawn into the press, to run ahead, thus causing too rapid unwinding of the paper, with resultant creation of undesirable slack or flooding of paper between the roll and the press.

Furthermore, with the magnetically-set brake, the braking torque is dependent upon the air gap between the pole face and the armature, which gradually decreases as the brake lining wears, thus causing agradual increase in the braking torque. This involves considerable maintenance to keep the braking action constant.

The spring-set type of magnet or solenoidoperated brake is subject to the objection of noisy operation and excessive wear due to the repeated impact of the armature on the magnet frame.

There are also other objections to the existing types of brakes which are obviated by the use of a hydraulic braking system as contemplated by the present invention.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a hydraulically operated braking system for 'a unit type press which will permit the selective grouping of the units and the operation of certain units with one folder or another, with all of the units of a selected group associated with a conveniently located source of hydraulic pressure, such, for example, as a motor-operated pump, of which a number may be employed in 50 conjunction with a line of press units and folders.

Another object of the invention is to provide a hydraulic braking system for presses in which,

the pump motor is automatically controlled through the operation of the press in such manner that the pump is operated only when the application of the brake is required, 1. e., during the period of deceleration after deenergization of the drive motor. a e

A further object of the invention is the provision in such a system oi means for maintaining I a constant braking torque during the entire period that the brakes are applied.

Further objects and advantages of the inven-.. tion will be apparent from the following speci- -flcation, which, taken in connection with the IQ accompanying drawings, discloses a preferred embodiment thereof.

Referringto the drawings:

Fig. 1 is an elevational view of a portion of a line of press units and folders showing the appli- 1 cation thereto of a hydraulic braking system, in accordance with my invention;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged elevational and sectional view of a portion of the press drive and braking system located at one of the folders;

Fig. 3- is a diagrammatic view of one form of braking system constructed in accordance with my invention;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a pressure release valve employed in the form of the braking system 25 shown in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view of a different and somewhat simpler application of the system;

Fig. 6 is a view, partly in section and partly in elevation, showing a well-known type of hy- 0 draulic internal-expanding brake, which is a suitable type for use in the system of my invention;

Fig. 7 is a transverse sectional view of the brake taken substantially on the section line 1-1 35 of Fig. 6;

. Fig. 8 is a wiring diagram showing the primary electrical elements of the system;

Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic view showing the. application of the brake to the vertical shaft of one of the press units; and v Fig. 10 is a similar view showing the application of the brake to the printing cylinders of the unit.

The general arrangement of the printing units, folders and drives of the press is shown, largely diagrammatically, in Fig.. 1, in which the units are identified by the reference numeral I I, the folders by the numeral l2, and the individual drive motors for the units and folders by the numeral IS. The drive from the motors i3 to the respective units andfolders driven thereby, is through a horizontal motor shaft ll, a drive pinion II and bevel gear l8 contained in a gear box l1, vertical shaft i8, and gearing [9 conwhich are indicated diagrammatically by the reference numerals 2| and 22. The units can be' connected to either the folder at the right or the one at the left thereof by means of mechanical jaw clutches indicated generally at 23, said clutches being manually operable by means of conventionally mounted hand levers 24'. Each folder has associated therewith, in addition to its drive motor l3, an inching motor 25 adapted to drive the folder shaft through a gear reduction, generally'indicated at 26 (Figs. 1 and 2),

for the purpose of driving the press at slow speed while threading the web through the machine.

A hydraulic brake 21 is positioned on the shaft ofeach motor (in the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings), and the brakes for any given press. combination are adapted to be operated by means of a hydraulic pressure pump 28 and pump motor 29 preferably associated with the folder for the combination, the individual brakes being adapted to be grouped with the pump for the folder at the right thereof, or the one at the left thereof, in accordance with the selective grouping of units and folders as previously mentioned. a

A generator 3| is also located at each of the folders and is geared or belted to the folder shaft through a drive element 32, this generator being usual equipment with a press drive of this character but being cooperatively combined with the brake system herein described in order that the brakeshall be applied only when required, as will be hereinafter more fully described. It-may be stated at this point that this generator has a separately excited field so that the voltage generbodiment of which is shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings, to which attention is now called.

- In this figure the pump is shown with the side plate of the casing removed to show the pump gears 33 and 34, which rotate in opposite directions in well-known manner to force the fluid pressure medium through an outlet pipe 35 into a pressure pipe 36 extending longitudinally along the line of units and folders, and having a series of selector valves 31 therein so that the pressure medium may be admitted to such of the brakes as are associated with the units and folder of a particular press combination. From the valves 31 pipes 38 extend upwardly to the brakes, of which only the cylinder 39 and shoes 4| are shown in this figure. provided in each of the pipe lines 38 for the purpose of providing individual adjustment of the pressure for any particular brake,-and a branch return pipe 43 is provided between said valve 42 and a return pipe 44 connected by means of an inlet pipe 45 with the lower side of the pump 28. A liquid reservoir 46 is also connected with said pipe 44 by means of a vertical pipe 41 and is so located as to provide a proper gravity feed of the liquid to the pump 28. A check valve 43 is provided in the pipe 35, and a by-pass valve 49 is, or may be, provided in a vertical pipe 5| extending between the pressure pipe 36 and the return pipe 44, said valves 49 and 49 being for the purpose of relieving the pressure in the pipe 36 and allowing the oil or other liquid to run back to the return pipe 44 and other parts of the system .2,2s1,ee1

necting the drive with the cylinders of the press A regulating valve 42 is.

after the pump stops. In some applications the normaLleakage of the pump is sufficient to take care of this return of the oil from the brake cylinders, but where a large number of brakes are operated in parallel, it may be desirable to resort to a pressure-release by-pass valve, such as the valve 49, to provide for a proper return of the oil to the intake side of the pump.

The valve 49 is shown in section in Fig. 4 and consists of a housing 52,in which there is a vertical passage 53 between the upper and lower sections of the pipe 5|. Said housing has a cylinder 54 extending, laterally therefrom and containing a piston 55 carrying a valve member 56 extending through an opening 51 in the inner end of the cylinder 54, said valve member being movable into and out of the passage 53 to close and open the valve as conditions may require. A spring 58 is provided in the cylinder 54 between the piston 55. and the inner end of the cylinder, and a cap 59 is threaded onto the outer end of said cylinder. The spring 58 holds said piston 55 and valve member 56 normally in retracted position with the passage 53 unobstructed. A pipe 6| is screwed into an opening in the cap 59 and connects with the pump outlet pipe 35, so that when the pump is operating the pressure medium will be admitted throughthis, pipe to hold the piston in projected position with the valve obstructing the passage 53. When the pump stops and the pressure on the piston is thus released the piston 51 and valve member 56 are retracted by the spring 58, thus allowing return of the pressure medium through the pipe 5|.

In Fig. 5 I have shown diagrammatically another embodiment of a pressure system which is somewhat simpler than that shown in Fig. 3, and for certain purposes will be entirely satisfactory. In this embodiment the horizontal return pipe 44v is eliminated, the pump being connected by the pipe 35 with the horizontal pressure pipe 36',

.which in this instance also serves as a return pipe. The reservoir 46 is connected with the pump 28 by the pipe 41 and a short horizontal pipe 62 leading to the intake pipe 45. A by-pass conduit 63 is provided between the pipe 35 and the pipe 45, and contains a pressure regulating ,valve 64 which allows the oil to return to the inlet side of the pump when the pressure on the outlet side exceeds a predetermined value. In

this embodiment of the pressure system the selector valves 31 arepositioned in the pipe 35 between the.brakes, so that the desired selection of units with a particular folder may be made, it being apparent that intermediate units may be grouped with one folder or another depending dicated at 68. The stationary portion of the brake, identified by the reference numeral 69, is bolted to a cross member 1|, -which in turn is attached to the endbell of the motor,'as shown in Fig. 2, which also shows a coupling 12 between the armature shaft 66 of the motor and the drive shaft I4 previously mentioned. Brake shoes 13 are pivotally mounted upon the stationary mem- 2,231,661 ber 69 by means of pivot studs 14 and are (mm H nected together near their outer ends by means of a spring 15, which keeps the shoes normally disengaged-from the brake drum 61. The means for applyingthe brake comprises a cylinder I6 having mounted therein twopistons 11, one at each end of the cylinder, said pistons being in engagement withthe ends of the brake shoes, respectively, and being normally held near the ends of the cylinders by means of a spring I8 positioned between the pistons in the cylinder. The oil or other pressure medium is admitted to the cylinder from the conduit 38 through an opening 19, shown in Fig. 6, said opening being between the two pistons in the cylinder, so that the admission of the liquid under pressure will causethe pistons to move outwardly in contact with the ends of the brake shoes, thereby setting 7 the brake, which, as previously explained, is released, upon release of the pressure, by means of the spring 15,-tending todraw the brake shoes inwardly. The member 69 has a channel 8i formed at the periphery thereof adapted to receive the inner edges of the brake drum 6! and the brake shoes 13.

The cylinder I6 is shown in Fig. 6 at the top of the brake assembly, whereas it is indicated in the diagrams of Figs. 3 and and in Fig. 2 as being at the bottom, but it will be understood that it may be located in either position without affecting the principle of operation.

In Fig. 9 the brake is shown applied to the vertical shaft 18 of the press driving mechanism,

whereas in Fig. brakes are shown attached to the printing cylinders, these figures being for the purpose of indicating alternative points of application, of which it will be understood there may be others, the drawings being intended merely to illustrate typical applications.

In Fig. 8 I have shown a wiring diagram illustrating a simple arrangement of electrical elements whereby the proper control and sequence of operation of the braking system may be obtained. In this figure one of the unit drive motors for the press is indicated at i3, said motor having associated therewith a shunt field 82 and rheostat 83 for varying the press speed. A stop button 84 and a start button 85 are shown in the main line, the positive side of which is indicated at 85 and the negative side at 81. Said start and stop buttons 86 and 85 control through a relay 88 main line contactors 89 in the armature circuit for the motor i3. Upon energizing ,of the relay coil 88, a holding circuit Si is established through a contactor 92. The press generator, indicated by the numeral M, has its .armature driven directly from the press so that the voltage will be in direct proportion to the press speed, the generator shunt field 93 being separately excited across theline. A contactor 94 in the generator circuit is adapted to be moved to open position when the relay coil 88 is energized, so that no energy will be received ona relay coil 95 adapted to control the operation of the pump motor 29. As soon as the stop button is depressed, however, the relay 88 is deenergized, thus opening the contactors 89 to the main drive motor and closing the contactor at between the armature of the generator 3i and the relay 95. Since the press is still coasting, the relay 95 will be energized, closing contactors at which serve to start, the pump motor 29, the shunt field of whichis indicated at 91. Said pump motor 29 will continue to operate until the braking action has slowed the press down to .the point where the voltage generated by the generator 3! will no longer cause the relay 95 to hold the contactors 96 closed.. The adjustment is such that the relay 95 will hold in until the press is almost at a standstill, and as a result the pressure to the brake cylinders is not relieved until about the time or after the press stops.

It will thus be seen that the generator, in combination with the control system just described functions to cause the brakes to be applied only after the drive motors have been deenergized and to remain applied only when the machine is going at suflficient speed that braking is required,

the pump motor being disconnected andthe hy-- draulic pressures to the brake cylinders being thus reduced to disengage the brakes when the press is stopped. It should be noted, however,

that other systems of control may be employed and that in case alternating current should be the only source of power available, alternating current drive motors could be used, in which event the shunt field of the press generator 3i could be excited by means of a rectifier.

For the purpose of indicating the possibilities of selective grouping of the units, Ihave shown in Fig. 1 alternative courses of the webs 98 which are shown in full lines as guided to one folder, and in dotted lines as guided to a folder in the opposite direction.

The foregoing detailed description has been given for clearness of understanding only, and no unnecessary limitations Sh0 l1ld be understood therefrom, but the appended claims should be construed as broadly. as permissible in view of the prior art.

I claim:

1. In a printing press comprising a drive motor, press mechanism adapted to be driven thereby, and transmission mechanism between said drive motor and said press mechanism: a hydraulic brake applied to one of said mechanisms, fluidpressure means for applying the brake, and means automatically operable-upon deenergization of said drive motor for causing operation of said fluid-pressure means to apply the brake.

2. In a printing press comprising a drive motor, press mechanism adapted to be driven thereby, and transmission mechanism between said drive motor and said press, mechanism: a hydrahlic brake applied to one of said mechanisms, fluidpressure means for. applying the brake, and means automatically operable upon deenergization of said drive motor for causing operation of said fluid-pressure means to apply the brake, said last-mentioned means comprising a pump and.

piping for directing the fluid pressure medium to the brake and applying predetermined pressure thereto, a motor for operating the pump, and means coordinated with the press for controlling said motor whereby the same is operated only press-driven generator: a hydraulic brake applied to one of said mechanisms, fluid-pressure means for applying the brake, and means automatically operable upon deenergization ofsaid drive motor for causing operation of said fluid-pressure means to apply the brake, said last-mentioned means comprising a pump and piping for directing the fluid-pressure medium to the brake and applying predetermined pressure thereto, a motor for operating the pump, and means controlled by said press-driven generator for determining the period of operation of said pump-motor, whereby the latter is automatically started upon deenergization of the press drive motor and stopped when the v press stops.

4. In ,a printing press comprising a drive motor, press mechanism adapted to be driven thereby, and transmission mechanism between said drive motor and said press mechanism: a hydraulic brake applied to one of said mechanisms, :3. pump and piping for directing a fluid-pressure medium to said brake and applying predetermined pressure thereto to apply the brake, a motor for operating said pump, and means coordinated with the press-for controlling said pump motor whereby to cause operation thereof only at predetermined stages in the operation of the press when braking is required.

' 5. In a printing press comprising a drive motor, press mechanism adapted to be driven thereby, and transmission mechanism between said drive motor and said press mechanism: a hydraulic brake applied to one of said mechanisms, a pump and piping for directing afluid-pressurevmedium to said brake and applying predetermined pressure thereto to apply the brake, a motor for operating said pump, and means coordinated with the press for controlling said pump motor whereby to cause operation thereof only at predetermined stages in the operation of the press when braking is required, and to stop the operation thereof and 4 release the brake whenthe press stops.

is required, and means for maintaining a con-- stant pressure on the brake at all times while the same is applied.

7 In a printing press comprising a drive 'motor,-

press mechanism adapted to be driven thereby, and transmission mechanism between said drive motor and said press mechanism: a hydraulic brakeapplied to one of said mechanisms, a pump and piping for directing a fluid-pressure medium to said'brake and applying predetermined pres-' sure' thereto to apply the brake, a motor for operating said pump, means coordinated with the press for controlling said pump-motor whereby to cause operation thereof only at predetermined stages in the operation of the press when braking is required, and means comprising a by-pass around the pump and a check valve in said bypass for releasing the pressure on the brake when braking is no longer required. 5

8. In a printing press comprising a drive motor, press mechanism adapted to be driven thereby, and transmission mechanism between said drive motor and said press mechanism: a hydraulic brake applied toone of said mechanisms, fluidpressure means for applying the brake, and means for maintaining .a constant pressure on the brake at all times while the same is applied.

9. In a printing press comprising a drive motor, Dress mechanism adapted to be driven thereby. and transmission mechanism between said drive motor and said press mechanism: a hydraulic brake applied to one of said mechanisms, a pump and piping for directing a fluid-pressure medium to said brake and applying predetermined pressure thereto to apply the brake, said piping including a pressure pipe and a return pipe, means for operating the pump, and a by-pass pressurerelease valve interposed between said pressure and return pipes for quickly and fully releasing the pressure on the brake and permitting the fluid-pressure medium to returnto the pump when operation of the latter is stopped.

10. In a printing press comprising a drive .motor, press mechanism adapted to be driven thereby, and transmission mechanism between said drive motor and said press mechanism: a hydraulic brake applied to one of said mecha-- nisms, a pump and piping for directing a fluidpressure medium to said brake and applying predetermined pressure thereto to apply the brake, said piping including a pressure pipe and a return pipe, means for operating the pump, and a by-pass pressure-release valve interposed between said pressure and return pipes and controlledby pressure in the piping on the outlet side of. the, pump for quickly and fully releasing the pressure on the brake and permitting the fluid-pressure medium to return to the pump when operation of the latter is stopped.

11. In a unit type printing press comprising a series of units and folders and press driving means: hydraulic brakes, one for each unit of the press, and means for operating in unison the brakes for such of said units as may be selectively grouped for operation with a particular folder.

12. In a unit type printing press comprising a series of units and folders and press driving means: hydraulic brakes, one for each unit of the press, means whereby particular units may be selectively connected for operation with one folder or another, means for operating inunison the brakes for such units as may be grouped with a, particular folder, and means for selectively connecting the brakes with said operating means in accordance with the selective'grouping of units and folders. v

13. In a unit type printing press comprising a series of units and folders and press driving means: hydraulic brakes, one for each unit of the press, means whereby particular units may be selectively connected for operation with one folder or another, means for operating in unison the brakes fpr such units as may be grouped units and folders, said brake operating means including a conduit system for a fluid-pressure medium, means for directing said medium to the brakes and applying braking pressure thereto,

and said brake selecting means including selector valves in said conduit system whereby the brakes may be selectively connected with said operating means as above described:

' 14. In a, unit typeprinting press comprising a seriesof units and folders and'press driving means: hydraulic brakes, one for each unit of the press, means whereby particular units may be selectively connected for operation with one folder or another, means for operating in unison the brakes for such units as may be grouped with a particular folder, means for selectively connecting the brakes with said operating means in accordance with the selective grouping of units mission mechanism between said motor 'and driven mechanism: a hydraulic brake applied to one of said mechanisms, fluid-pressure means for applyingsaid'brake, and means controlled by deenergization of saiddrive motor for automatically applying said brake during a period of deceleration of the driven mechanism.

ALLAN J. CLINE. 

